Takkatiwac

LANGUAGE FAMILY: ALABAG
# SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING: 100K / #64
SPOKEN IN: Reloi - 100K
PERIOD OF USE:
SCRIPT USED:
PARENT LANGUAGE:

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"...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."
Translation: ipekorig o ribin wan sanbu punebkalow ipekorig wan waqiak ob qel panso gu
Pronunciation: ˌipeˈkorig o ˈribim wan samˈbu ˌpunebˈkalow ˌipeˈkorig wan waˈqiak ob qel panˈso gu

Takkatiwac word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b g k l m n p q r s v w/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b			k g	q
Fricative		v	s
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /a e i o u/

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No fixed stress

Phonological changes (in order of application):

• b → β / V_V
• e → æ / _[+labial]
• o → e / _l
• p → b / m_
• V → [+long] / _CC
• a → o / _w
• i → e / _s
• r → n / _C

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ŋ	n
m	n
j	y
ɾ	r

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase).
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).

Nouns have both a plural affix and dual affix for precisely two things.

Ergative	Suffix -op uqbelop /uqˈbelop/ dog (doing the verb to something)
Absolutive	No affix uqbel /ˈuqbel/ dog (doing the verb, but not to something)

Singular	No affix uqbel /uqˈbel/ dog
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -u uqbelu /uqbeˈlu/ dogs
Dual	Prefix ka- kauqbel /kauqˈbel/

Articles

Definite	ig /ig/ the
Indefinite	ow /ow/ a, some

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive
1st singular	ob /ob/ I	kin /kim/ me, I
2nd singular	bul /bul/ you	i /i/ you
3rd singular masc	o /o/ he, it	bo /bo/ him, it
3rd singular fem	e /e/ she, it	kun /kun/ her, it
1st plural	von /vom/ we	gu /gu/ us, we
2nd plural	u /u/ you all	wan /wam/ you all
3rd plural	a /a/ they	ow /ow/ them, they

Possessive determiners

1st singular	u /u/ my
2nd singular	bal /bal/ your
3rd singular masc	wan /wan/ his
3rd singular fem	gi /gi/ her
1st plural	a /a/ our
2nd plural	i /i/ your (pl)
3rd plural	eq /eq/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past	Future
1st singular	Prefix ku- kuopab /kuˈopab/ (I) learn	Suffix -av opabav /opaˈbav/ (I) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -u opabu /opaˈbu/ (I) will learn
2nd singular	Prefix pi- piopab /piˈopab/ (you) learn	Prefix wu- wuopab /wuˈopab/ (you) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -a opaba /oˈpaba/ (you) will learn
3rd singular	Suffix -ig opabig /oˈpabig/ (he/she/it) learns	If ends with vowel: Suffix -r Else: Suffix -a opaba /oˈpaba/ (he/she/it) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -a opaba /oˈpaba/ (he/she/it) will learn
1st plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -e opabe /opaˈbe/ (we) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -e opabe /oˈpabe/ (we) learned	Suffix -ir opabir /opaˈbir/ (we) will learn
2nd plural	Prefix qu- quopab /quˈopab/ (you all) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -o opabo /oˈpabo/ (you all) learned	Prefix gi- giopab /giˈopab/ (you all) will learn
3rd plural	Prefix bo- boopab /boˈopab/ (they) learn	Prefix bi- biopab /bioˈpab/ (they) learned	Prefix si- siopab /sioˈpab/ (they) will learn

Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Takkatiwac uses a standalone particle word for imperfective:

Imperfective

Particle before the verb: ik - ik opab /ik oˈpab/ learns/is learning

Numbers

Takkatiwac has a base-10 number system:
1 - sobul
2 - riba
3 - pan
4 - su
5 - pakalsa
6 - wakeup
7 - piabri
8 - besun
9 - pun
10 - salgunsa
11 - sobul ipekorig salgunsa “one and ten”
100 - zekallar “hundred”
101 - zekallar ipekorig sobul “hundred and one”
200 - riba zekallar
1000 - rokakin “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -or
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix qe-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -e
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ra-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -e
Noun to verb = Prefix wa-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ew
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -a
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix su-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix ru-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ba-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix wa-
Diminutive = Suffix -ik
Augmentative = Suffix -ob

Dictionary

4415 Words.