Krandalivya (Kran-dal-ee-vee-yah)

Krandalivya is the language of the Bnakupinze species that live in the aquatic realm of Krandali. Its sounds are quick and words are often split with two consonants being used next to each other to make the sound carry in the waters of their homeland. Their language is hard for surface dwellers to learn, as its consonants are meant to pop, and its vowels are often short breaths with only a small difference between them.

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Natively known as: Krandalivya //

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
mü mbay pu moi mbay seâ mü ie mbay zlîlgra mboû mbu oindyu
Pronunciation: /mʌ mbeɪ̯ puː mɔɪ̯ mbeɪ̯ ˈsɛɜː mʌ aɪ̯ mbeɪ̯ ˈzlɪlgɹæ mboʊ̯ mbuː ˈɔɪ̯ndjuː/
Krandalivya word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind.

Writing System

Krandalivya is a purely spoken language, and has no writing system. In point of fact, writing and possession of writing is one of many banned practices in Krandali.

Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p s t v w z ð ɹ ʃ ʒ ʤ ʧ θ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n
Stop	p b			t d			k g
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ			h
Approximant				ɹ		j
Lateral approximant				l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ iː oʊ̯ uː æ ɑ ɔɪ̯ ɔː ɛ ɜː ɪ ʊ ʌ
Diphthongs: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ oʊ̯ ɔɪ̯

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː		uː
Near-high	ɪ		ʊ
Low-mid	ɛ	ɜː	ʌ ɔː
Near-low	æ
Low			ɑ

Syllable structure: (C)(C)(C)V
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable

Morphology

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -nveɪ̯
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -dɜː
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ʤaʊ̯
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ʧtaɪ̯-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -vjɑ
Noun to verb = Suffix -θɪ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ʃtʃɑ
Tending to = Suffix -wtsuː
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ptɪ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -mbuː
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -nzɛ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix stɔː-
Diminutive = Prefix ɹɔɪ̯-
Augmentative = Prefix vuː-

Syntax

Nouns

Singular	No affix vdû /vdʊ/ dog
Plural	Reduplicate first part of first syllable vdûvdû /ˈvdʊvdʊ/ dogs

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Articles

Definite	u /uː/ the
Indefinite	sdu /sduː/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns

1st singular	jde /ʤdɛ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	rü /ɹʌ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	mbay /mbeɪ̯/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	mboû /mboʊ̯/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural inclusive	dna /dnæ/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	dnoi /dnɔɪ̯/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	gra /gɹæ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	nta /ntæ/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	jde /ʤdɛ/ my
2nd singular	rü /ɹʌ/ your
3rd singular masc	mbay /mbeɪ̯/ his
3rd singular fem	mboû /mboʊ̯/ her
1st plural inclusive	dna /dnæ/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	dnoi /dnɔɪ̯/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	gra /gɹæ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	nta /ntæ/ their

Verbs

Singular	No affix prû /pɹʊ/ (I/you/he/she/it) learn/learned/will learn
Plural	Prefix dʌ- düprû /ˈdʌpɹʊ/ (we/they) learn/learned/will learn

Phonetics

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
aɪ̯	ie
aʊ̯	ou
eɪ̯	ay
iː	i
uː	u
æ	a
ɛ	e
ɔː	o
ɔɪ̯	oi
ɪ	î
ʊ	û
ɜː	â
ʌ	ü
ɑ	ä
j	y
θ	th
ð	dh
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
ʒ	zh
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
Vː	VV
◌̯

Tenses

Krandalivya uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: ɑ - ä prû /ɑ pɹʊ/ learned

Krandalivya uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: lɔː - lo prû /lɔː pɹʊ/ will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Krandalivya uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix ʃtæ- shtaprû /ˈʃtæpɹʊ/ have learned

Sentence Structure

Krandalivya's main word order is Subject-Verb-Object, or SVO. In SVO order, use the prepositional phrase when speaking. When spoken correctly the sentence: “Mary opened the door with a key” stays Mary opened the door with a key.

Adjective Order

Adjectives are positioned before the noun. Also of note, Adpositions are all prepositions.

Structural Markers

As there is no writing system, sadly, there are no structural markers.

Dictionary

3019 Words.

Numbers

Krandalivya has a base-10 number system:

1 - vä
2 - châ
3 - mâ
4 - menzpo
5 - pla
6 - cha
7 - shtoi
8 - vlû
9 - splou
10 - äsku
Hundred - mo
Thousand - nga