First Celestial

Natively known as: Dalmes /ˈdalmes/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
bno i kver lushmo shag tugma bno gi shag lud shamham tzozdan ma
Pronunciation: /bno i kveʁ ˈluʃmo ʃaɡ ˈtuɡma bno ɡi ʃaɡ lud ˈʃamham ˈʦozdan ma/
Dalmesian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f h j k l m n p s t v w x z ɡ ʁ ʃ ʔ ʕ ʦ χ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d			k ɡ			ʔ
Affricate			ʦ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ		x	χ ʁ	ʕ	h
Approximant					j
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /a e i o u/

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Word initial consonants: b, bn, d, dv, h, j, k, kl, km, kv, l, m, n, p, s, st, t, tm, wh, z, zm, ɡ, ʁ, ʃ, ʔ, ʦ, χ
Mid-word consonants: b, d, f, fʃ, h, j, jf, jl, k, kn, kʁ, l, lm, m, mh, mk, mn, mʁ, mʔ, mʦ, n, nχʁ, p, s, sχ, t, ts, tʁ, v, vχ, x, z, zd, ɡ, ɡm, ʁ, ʁb, ʃ, ʃb, ʃl, ʃm, ʃp, ʃt, ʔ, ʕ, ʦ, χ, χn, χt
Word final consonants: d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, s, t, v, ɡ, ʁ, ʃ, ʔ, ʦ, χ
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• k → j / _s#

How to read phonological rules
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
j	y
ɡ	g
χ	kh
ʦ	tz
ʁ	r
ʃ	sh
ʔ	'

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Definite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Suffix -ek koek /ˈkoek/ the man	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -in kon /kon/ the men
Feminine	Suffix -e dvae /ˈdvae/ the woman	If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -id dvad /dvad/ the women
Neuter	Suffix -os bnukos /ˈbnukos/ the doɡ	Suffix -i bnuki /ˈbnuki/ the doɡs
Trianine	Suffix -iʦ bnukitz /ˈbnukiʦ/	Suffix -u bnuku /ˈbnuku/

Indefinite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Suffix -a koa /ˈkoa/ a man	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -am kom /kom/ some men
Feminine	Suffix -aχ dvaakh /ˈdvaaχ/ a woman	Suffix -eʁ dvaer /ˈdvaeʁ/ some women
Neuter	If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -il bnukil /ˈbnukil/ a doɡ	Suffix -eʦ bnuketz /ˈbnukeʦ/ some doɡs
Trianine	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁ Else: Suffix -aʁ bnukar /ˈbnukaʁ/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɡ Else: Suffix -eɡ bnukeg /ˈbnukeɡ/

Articles

Dalmesian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

1st singular	dash /daʃ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	a /a/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	i /i/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	ma /ma/ she, her, hers
3rd singular neut	'e /ʔe/ it, its
1st plural inclusive	kha /χa/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	ge /ɡe/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	bnu /bnu/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	tuv /tuv/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	whu /whu/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)
3rd plural neut	khas /χas/ they (neut), them (neut), theirs (neut)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	kve /kve/ my
2nd singular	dva /dva/ your
3rd singular masc	shag /ʃaɡ/ his
3rd singular fem	shar /ʃaʁ/ her
3rd singular neut	i /i/ its
1st plural inclusive	may /maj/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	sha /ʃa/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	se /se/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	tut /tut/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	kha /χa/ their (fem)
3rd plural neut	pen /pen/ their (neut)

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past
1st singular	Suffix -a nofa /ˈnofa/ (I) learn	Suffix -u nofu /ˈnofu/ (I) learned	Suffix -ef nofef /ˈnofef/ (I) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
2nd singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ Else: Suffix -aʦ nofatz /ˈnofaʦ/ (you) learn	Suffix -oj nofoy /ˈnofoj/ (you) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -is nofis /ˈnofis/ (you) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd singular masc	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ Else: Suffix -aʃ nofash /ˈnofaʃ/ (he) learns	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁ Else: Suffix -eʁ nofer /ˈnofeʁ/ (he) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -at nofat /ˈnofat/ (he) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd singular fem	If ends with vowel: Suffix -j Else: Suffix -ej nofey /ˈnofej/ (she) learns	Suffix -ik nofik /ˈnofik/ (she) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -uk nofuk /ˈnofuk/ (she) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd singular neut	Suffix -iʁ nofir /ˈnofiʁ/ (it) learns	Suffix -i nofi /ˈnofi/ (it) learned	Suffix -im nofim /ˈnofim/ (it) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
1st plural inclusive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -am nofam /ˈnofam/ (we) learn (includinɡ you)	Suffix -o nofo /ˈnofo/ (we) learned (includinɡ you)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -f Else: Suffix -uf nofuf /ˈnofuf/ (we) learned (includinɡ you) (lonɡ aɡo)
1st plural exclusive	Suffix -e nofe /ˈnofe/ (we) learn (excludinɡ you)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ak nofak /ˈnofak/ (we) learned (excludinɡ you)	Suffix -am nofam /ˈnofam/ (we) learned (excludinɡ you) (lonɡ aɡo)
2nd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -id nofid /ˈnofid/ (you all) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -et nofet /ˈnofet/ (you all) learned	Suffix -aχ nofakh /ˈnofaχ/ (you all) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd plural masc	If ends with vowel: Suffix -f Else: Suffix -of nofof /ˈnofof/ (they) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -v Else: Suffix -ov nofov /ˈnofov/ (they) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -il nofil /ˈnofil/ (they) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd plural fem	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʔ Else: Suffix -uʔ nofu' /ˈnofuʔ/ (they) learn	Suffix -eʁ nofer /ˈnofeʁ/ (they) learned	Suffix -of nofof /ˈnofof/ (they) learned (lonɡ aɡo)
3rd plural neut	If ends with vowel: Suffix -χ Else: Suffix -aχ nofakh /ˈnofaχ/ (they) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ Else: Suffix -uʃ nofush /ˈnofuʃ/ (they) learned	Suffix -al nofal /ˈnofal/ (they) learned (lonɡ aɡo)

Dalmesian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: χaʁ - khar nof /χaʁ nof/ will learn

Numbers

Dalmesian has a base-10 number system:
1 - shash
2 - nu
3 - nos
4 - dvuk
5 - iyash
6 - tmod
7 - kla
8 - maf
9 - ekhnol
10 - si
11 - shash bno si “one and ten”
100 - tudak “hundred”
101 - tudak shash “hundred one”
200 - nu tudak
1000 - itad “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -uh
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ
Else: Suffix -eʦ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -h
Else: Suffix -ih
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -ov
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -al
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -ov
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʔ
Else: Suffix -uʔ
Tending to = Suffix -u
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁ
Else: Suffix -aʁ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʦ
Else: Suffix -aʦ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -u
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -eʔ
Diminutive = Suffix -en
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -h
Else: Suffix -ih

Dictionary

4382 Words.

Successor Languages

• Modern Celestial
• Daemonic

Common Female Names

• Stikhtas /ˈstiχtas/ 
• Zmutiy /ˈzmutij/ 
• 'eputse /ˈʔeputse/ 
• Yire /ˈjiʁe/ 
• Yisha /ˈjiʃa/ 
• Mevad /ˈmevad/ 
• Kim'ula /ˈkimʔula/ 
• Ishpaf /ˈiʃpaf/ 
• Shazi /ˈʃazi/ 
• Zmudad /ˈzmudad/

Common Male Names

• Bosha /ˈboʃa/ 
• Dakumtzu /ˈdakumʦu/ 
• Zmuno /ˈzmuno/ 
• Kira /ˈkiʁa/ 
• Rashto /ˈʁaʃto/ 
• Okril /ˈokʁil/ 
• Kmekar /ˈkmekaʁ/ 
• Stibushpis /ˈstibuʃpis/ 
• Zmupa /ˈzmupa/ 
• Ilo /ˈilo/

Common Unisex Names

• Yishpis /ˈjiʃpis/ 
• Ludet /ˈludet/ 
• Lukhnikh /ˈluχniχ/ 
• Kvemumkekh /ˈkvemumkeχ/ 
• Noskhi /ˈnosχi/ 
• Davkhufi /ˈdavχufi/ 
• 'emtzuyfa /ˈʔemʦujfa/ 
• Osha /ˈoʃa/ 
• Kitsa /ˈkitsa/ 
• Stitunkhru /ˈstitunχʁu/