Modern Draconic

Natively known as: Buyaz /buːˈjæz/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ros šux xe mebran me xeyr ros tānhitr purm xe žlosers mafqi bad
Pronunciation: /ros ʃuːx xe meˈbræn me xejr ros tɒːnˈhiːtr puːrm xe ʒloˈsers mæfˈɣiː bæd/
Buyazian word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v x z ɣ ʃ ʒ ʔ ʤ ʧ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d			k g	q	ʔ
Affricate				ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ ʒ		x ɣ		h
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: /e iː o uː æ ɒː/

	Front	Back
High	iː	uː
High-mid	e	o
Near-low	æ
Low		ɒː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
Word initial consonants: b, d, f, g, gr, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, x, z, ɣ, ʃ, ʒ, ʒl, ʒm, ʔ, ʤ, ʧ
Mid-word consonants: b, br, d, dm, dr, dx, dʤ, f, ff, fh, ft, fɣ, g, h, hd, hl, hm, hr, ht, j, jd, k, l, lb, lm, lʔ, m, mb, mh, mk, ml, mr, mt, mtʃ, n, nb, nd, ng, nh, nj, ns, nt, nɣ, nʔ, nʤ, p, q, qd, qt, r, rb, rd, rg, rh, rk, rm, rn, rs, rt, rz, rʃ, rʔ, rʤ, s, sj, sl, sm, sp, sr, st, stg, sv, sx, sʤ, t, tʃ, v, vz, x, xs, xt, xtʃ, z, zg, zh, ɣ, ɣj, ʃ, ʃh, ʃk, ʃt, ʃv, ʃɣ, ʒ, ʒt, ʔ, ʔd, ʔm, ʔn, ʔr, ʔz, ʤ
Word final consonants: b, bz, d, f, ft, g, h, hr, j, jr, k, l, m, mr, mʔ, n, nd, ng, p, q, qt, r, rb, rd, rg, rk, rm, rn, rs, s, sr, st, t, tr, tʃ, v, vr, vʔ, x, xt, z, zv, ɣ, ʃ, ʃm, ʃq, ʃt, ʔ, ʔd, ʔr, ʤ
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• b → Ø / m_l
• ʔ → h / _l
• ʧ → ʃ / _C
• N → ŋ / _#
• ʧ → i / _C

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
iː	i
j	y
uː	u
æ	a
ɒː	ā
ɣ	q
ʃ	š
ʒ	ž
ʔ	ʾ
ʤ	j
ʧ	č

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject-Oblique-Object-Verb. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.

Nominative	No affix qivʾ /ɣiːvʔ/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -æ qivʾa /ɣiːvˈʔæ/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -mæ Else: Suffix -ɒːmæ qivʾāma /ɣiːvʔɒːˈmæ/ dogʼs
Dative	Suffix -uːrk qivʾurk /ɣiːvˈʔuːrk/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -rme Else: Suffix -ærme qivʾarme /ɣiːvʔærˈme/ near/at/by (the/a) dog

	Singular	Plural
Definite	No affix qivʾ /ɣiːvʔ/ the dog	Suffix -ɒːt qivʾāt /ɣiːvˈʔɒːt/ the dogs
Indefinite	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ng Else: Suffix -ɒːng qivʾāng /ɣiːvˈʔɒːng/ a dog	Suffix -æ qivʾa /ɣiːvˈʔæ/ some dogs

Articles

Buyazian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative
1st singular	gri /griː/ I	rin /riːn/ me	mā /mɒː/ mine	nehr /nehr/ to me	ʾašq /ʔæʃq/ at me
2nd singular	tāh /tɒːh/ you	vak /væk/ you	ni /niː/ yours	xe /xe/ to you	man /mæn/ at you
3rd singular masc	šux /ʃuːx/ he	fe /fe/ him	feft /feft/ his	ba /bæ/ to him	nevr /nevr/ at him
3rd singular fem	buyr /buːjr/ she	mand /mænd/ her	a /æ/ hers	čāh /ʧɒːh/ to her	rist /riːst/ at her
1st plural	do /do/ we	ri /riː/ us	qir /ɣiːr/ ours	du /duː/ to us	yuʾd /ʤuːʔd/ at us
2nd plural	ʾad /ʔæd/ you (all)	xen /xen/ you (all)	hāk /hɒːk/ yours	si /siː/ to you (all)	tād /tɒːd/ at you (all)
3rd plural	so /so/ they	ne /ne/ them	fen /fen/ theirs	ʾatš /ʔætʃ/ to them	žmu /ʒmuː/ at them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	ba /bæ/ my
2nd singular	ku /kuː/ your
3rd singular masc	xe /xe/ his
3rd singular fem	māh /mɒːh/ her
1st plural	sind /siːnd/ our
2nd plural	ʾaq /ʔæq/ your
3rd plural	mā /mɒː/ their

Verbs

Present	Suffix -æ rika /riːˈkæ/ study
Past	No affix rik /riːk/ studied
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -r Else: Suffix -ɒːr rikār /riːˈkɒːr/ will study

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Buyazian uses the word for ‘finish’ ((finish)) for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Buyazian has a base-10 number system:

• 1 - feft
• 2 - ha
• 3 - žlo
• 4 - mašq
• 5 - kong
• 6 - ri
• 7 - se
• 8 - tāndā
• 9 - gast
• 10 - yudmāhr
• 11 - yudmāhr ros feft “ten and one”
• 100 - may “hundred”
• 101 - may feft “hundred one”
• 200 - ha may
• 1000 - yon “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -ær
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -iːrg
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ɒː
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -iː
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -e
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Suffix -e
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -xsæ
Else: Suffix -ɒːxsæ
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Suffix -æhr
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -æn
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -slɒː
Else: Suffix -oslɒː
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -ɒːr
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ol
Diminutive = Suffix -uː
Augmentative = Suffix -ɒːrg

Dictionary

4346 Words.

Root Languages

• Old Draconic

Common Female Names

• Vaʾi /væˈʔiː/
• Romhā /romˈhɒː/
• Rolma /rolˈmæ/
• Dodo /doˈdo/
• Nengift /nenˈgiːft/
• Šunyāng /ʃuːˈnjɒːng/
• Maqe /mæˈɣe/
• Māsxe /mɒːsˈxe/
• Zārkif /zɒːrˈkiːf/
• Feškufti /feʃkuːfˈtiː/

Common Male Names

• Šuyr /ʃuːjr/
• Grebrudmorm /grebruːdˈmorm/
• Zāna /zɒːˈnæ/
• Gresme /gresˈme/
• Rofhi /rofˈhiː/
• Grexsa /grexˈsæ/
• Kuxt /kuːxt/
• Puhluyda /puːhluːjˈdæ/
• Grega /greˈgæ/
• Feqtep /feqˈtep/

Common Unisex Names

• Māzaft /mɒːˈzæft/
• Rolʾā /rolˈʔɒː/
• Sozhuā /sozhuːˈɒː/
• Gašan /gæˈʃæn/
• Zāhr /zɒːhr/
• Fezga /fezˈgæ/
• Xerʾam /xerˈʔæm/
• Gredmoy /gredˈmoj/
• Šustay /ʃuːsˈtæʤ/
• Tāki /tɒːˈkiː/