Ëdvuqëkan Draconic

Natively known as: ëdvuaa /ɛdˈvuaː/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
hë ew siqï chë reqe tu hë ew chadøga himad che tr̈agëo sood
Pronunciation: /hɛ æw ˈsiqɪ ʧɛ ˈwæqæ tu hɛ æw ʧaˈɾøga ˈhimaɾ ʧæ traˈgɛo soːɾ /
Ëdvuqëkan Draconic word order: and hat his holding stood he and his face wet to the wind turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: d g h j k l m n q r s t v x z ɣ ɹ ɾ ʃ ʒ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop			t d			g k	q
Affricate				ʧ
Fricative		v	s z	ʃ ʒ		x ɣ		h
Approximant			ɹ		j
Tap			ɾ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a aʊ̯ aː i o oː u æ ø ɛ ɪ
Diphthongs: aʊ̯ ?

	Front	Back
High	i	u
Near-high	ɪ
High-mid	ø	o oː
Low-mid	ɛ
Near-low	æ
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• ɹ → w
• x → h

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
æ	e
ɛ	ë
ɪ	ï
aʊ̯	ou
r	r̈
ɹ	r
ɾ	d
ʒ	zh
j	y
ʃ	sh
ʧ	ch
x	kh
ɣ	gh
Vː	VV
̯

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Grammar

Main word order: Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb Subject. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into The door with a key opened mary.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

	Nominative	Accusative
Singular	No affix tizgï /ˈtizgɪ/ dog (doing the verb)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -q Else: Suffix -æq tizgïq /ˈtizgɪq/ (verb done to) the/a dog
Plural	Suffix -iɹn tizgïirn /tizˈgɪiwn/ dogs (doing the verb)	Suffix -aʊ̯ks tizgïouks /tizˈgɪaʊ̯ks/ (verb done to) dogs

Articles

Definite	sëk /sɛk/ the
Indefinite	chïk /ʧɪk/ a, some

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	søq /søq/ I	chaa /ʧaː/ me
2nd singular	tr̈ë /trɛ/ you	choo /ʧoː/ you
3rd singular	tu /tu/ he, she, it	too /toː/ his, her, it
1st plural	sëks /sɛks/ we	cho /ʧo/ us
2nd plural	cha /ʧa/ you all	soo /soː/ you all
3rd plural	tr̈øks /trøks/ they	khë /hɛ/ them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	choo /ʧoː/ my
2nd singular	tr̈aa /traː/ your
3rd singular	er /æw/ his, her, its
1st plural	r̈e /ræ/ our
2nd plural	tur /tuw/ your (pl)
3rd plural	haa /haː/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix huk /huk/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹ Else: Suffix -æɹ huker /ˈhukæw/ learned
Remote past
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹlø Else: Suffix -uɹlø hukurlø /huˈkuwlø/ will learn

Verb affixes

	Perfective	Habitual	Progressive	Perfect
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix tr- Else: Prefix trɪ- tr̈ïhuk /ˈtrɪhuk/ learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix r- Else: Prefix ru- r̈uhuk /ˈruhuk/ learned (often, habitually)	If starts with vowel: Prefix x- Else: Prefix xa- khahuk /ˈhahuk/ learning	Prefix ɪ- ïhuk /ˈɪhuk/ had learned
Present	Prefix ɛ- ëhuk /ˈɛhuk/ learn	Prefix a- ahuk /ˈahuk/ learn (often, habitually)	Prefix o- ohuk /ˈohuk/ learning	If starts with vowel: Prefix ɹ- Else: Prefix ɹaː- raahuk /ˈwaːhuk/ have learned
Future	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧ- Else: Prefix ʧɛ- chëhuk /ˈʧɛhuk/ will learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧ- Else: Prefix ʧaː- chaahuk /ˈʧaːhuk/ will learn (often, habitually)	Prefix æ- ehuk /ˈæhuk/ will be learning	Prefix ɹɛ- rëhuk /ˈwɛhuk/ will have learned

Numbers

Ëdvuqëkan Draconic has a base-10 number system:
1 - o
2 - ern
3 - tr̈ër
4 - te
5 - khu
6 - tëq
7 - char
8 - r̈ooqa
9 - r̈a
10 - chamsï
100 - r̈ounsa
1000 - rës

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɾ
Else: Suffix -æɾ
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -as
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -aː
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -aː
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ɛk
Noun to verb = Suffix -ɛ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ga
Else: Suffix -aːga
Tending to = Suffix -aʊ̯q
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -q
Else: Suffix -aq
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -oːs
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -oːk
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -a
Diminutive = Suffix -aʊ̯ks
Augmentative = Suffix -ɪ
Verb to adjective = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʧaː
Else: Suffix -aː

Dictionary

3028 Words.

Root Languages

• Draconic

Spoken by

• Ëdvuqëk