Aggir

LANGUAGE FAMILY: COLMERIC
# SPEAKERS / WORLD RANKING: 35K / #78
SPOKEN IN: Shagirrin - 30K / Garraine - 5K
PERIOD OF USE:
SCRIPT USED:
PARENT LANGUAGE:

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"...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."
Translation: shrhuī̯ngvk mē kīyìosh wà yīngvoh ìosh shrhuī̯ngvk wà meēp yūoh mūmosh mōfeh yì
Pronunciation: ʃɹuī̯ŋk mē kījìˈosh wɑː̀ jīˈŋoh ìˈosh ʃɹuī̯ŋk wɑː̀ miː̄p jūˈoh mūˈmosh mōˈfeh jì

Aggir word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d f fː g h j k kː l lː m mː n nː p pː r rː s sː t tː v w z ð ŋ ɹ ʃ ʋ ʍ ʤ ʧ θ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m mː			n nː			ŋ
Stop	p pː b			t tː d			k kː g
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative		f fː v	θ ð	s sː z	ʃ			h
Approximant		ʋ		ɹ		j
Trill				r rː
Lateral approximant				l lː

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	ʍ w

Vowel inventory: /e ei̯ eu̯ i iː o oi̯ ou̯ oː u ui̯ uo̯ uː ɑ ɑi̯ ɑu̯ ɑː/
Diphthongs: ei̯, eu̯, oi̯, ou̯, ui̯, uo̯, ɑi̯, ɑu̯
Tones: ̄ ̀

	Front	Back
High	i iː	u uː
High-mid	e	o oː
Low		ɑ ɑː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
Word initial consonants: b, bl, bɹ, d, dɹ, f, fl, fɹ, g, gl, gɹ, h, j, k, kl, kw, kɹ, l, m, n, p, pl, pɹ, s, sk, skw, skɹ, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spɹ, st, stɹ, sw, t, th, tw, tɹ, v, w, ð, ɹ, ʃ, ʃɹ, ʍ, ʤ, ʧ, θ, θɹ
Mid-word consonants: b, d, f, fː, h, hd, hj, hk, hm, ht, hʋ, j, k, ks, kː, l, lh, lj, lk, ll, lm, lp, lpː, lt, ltː, lʋ, lː, m, mp, mpː, mː, n, nh, np, nr, ns, nsː, nt, ntː, nː, p, ps, pt, pː, r, rh, rj, rk, rkː, rm, rp, rst, rt, rʋ, rː, s, sk, st, sː, t, tk, tn, ts, tː, ŋk, ŋkː, ʋ
Word final consonants: b, bd, bl, bz, d, dst, dz, f, fs, ft, g, gd, gz, k, ks, kst, kt, kts, l, ld, ldz, lf, lk, lm, ls, lt, lts, lv, lvd, lvz, lz, lθ, m, md, mp, mps, mpt, mz, n, nd, ndz, ns, nst, nt, nts, nz, nʤ, nʤd, nʧ, nθ, p, ps, pt, r, rm, s, sk, sp, spt, st, sts, t, ts, v, vd, vz, z, zd, ð, ðz, ŋ, ŋd, ŋk, ŋks, ŋkt, ŋz, ɹ, ɹd, ɹdz, ɹk, ɹks, ɹkt, ɹm, ɹmd, ɹmz, ɹn, ɹnd, ɹs, ɹst, ɹt, ɹts, ɹz, ɹʃ, ɹʧt, ɹθ, ʃ, ʃt, ʤ, ʤd, ʧ, ʧt, θ, θs
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• w → v / _e
• sh → si / _o
• {p,b} → m / V_V

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
kw	kiu
kt	ckt / _#
k	c / !_{ɪ,i,ɛ,e,s}
oʊC₁	oC₁e
uːC₁	uC₁e / _#
eɪC₁	aC₁e / _#
ð	ð
θ	th
ʍ	wh
ŋg	ngt
ŋk	nkt
ŋ	ngv
ʧ	ch
ʃ	sh
ɹ	rh
z	s / _#
ju	u / C_
cc	ck
c	k / _#
{t,d}	ed / C_#
aʊ	ow / _#
aʊ	ou
ɔɪ	oi
ɪə	ear
ɪ	y / _#
ɪ	i
ji	yi
j	y
iː	y / _#
yy	yi / _#
y	i / #_#
ʌ	u
iː	ee
oʊ	o
ʊ	uu
ɛ	e
ɑ(ː)	a
t	tt / æ_#
l	ll / æ_#
s	ss / æ_#
z	zz / æ_#
æ	æ
ʤ	j / #_
ʤ	ge / _#
ʤ	dg
ɜː	urd
ɔː	ord
uː	u
quur	kuer
eə	ee

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase).
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.

Nominative	No affix sūleh /sūˈleh/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix tō- tōsūleh /tōsūˈleh/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix buː̄- būsūleh /buːsūˈleh/ dogʼs
Dative	If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix mɑī̯- maī̯sūleh /mɑi̯sūˈleh/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	Prefix boː̀- boː̀sūleh /boːsūˈleh/ near/at/by (the/a) dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix gīoh /gīˈoh/ man	No affix coːeh /koːˈeh/ woman
Plural	Prefix ù- ùgīoh /ùgīˈoh/ men	Prefix ʤō- jōcoːeh /ʤōkoːˈeh/ women

Articles

Definite	thrhoī̯ /θɹoī̯/ the
Indefinite	sū /sū/ a, some

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative
1st singular	nìm /nìm/ I	coː̀m /koː̀m/ me	meī̯ /meī̯/ mine	ī /ī/ to me	boː̀th /boː̀θ/ at me
2nd singular	mīm /mīm/ you (masc)	ù /ù/ you	mī /mī/ yours	loì̯ /loì̯/ to you	mùs /mùs/ at you
3rd singular masc	mē /mē/ he, it	sūk /sūk/ him, it	mìn /mìn/ his, its	yīm /jīm/ to him, at it	shō /ʃō/ at him, at it
3rd singular fem	boː̀s /boː̀s/ she, it	nì /nì/ her, it	yuī̯r /juī̯r/ hers, its	ì /ì/ to her, at it	ūn /ūn/ at her, at it
1st plural	cū /kuː̄/ we	peè /piː̀/ us	wheē /ʍiː̄/ ours	mù /mù/ to us	bāk /bɑ̄k/ at us
2nd plural	mò /mò/ you all	gì /gì/ you all	ūk /ūk/ yours (pl)	mìch /mìʧ/ to you all	mō /mō/ at you all
3rd plural masc	cù /kuː̀/ they (masc)	yìl /jìl/ them (masc)	weū̯k /weū̯k/ [veū̯k] theirs (masc)	pèp /pèp/ to them (masc)	vō /vō/ at them (masc)
3rd plural fem	nī /nī/ they (fem)	sprhuì̯m /spɹuì̯m/ them (fem)	teè /tiː̀/ theirs (fem)	tweī̯ /tweī̯/ [tveī̯] to them (fem)	mèk /mèk/ at them (fem)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	shùm /ʃùm/ my
2nd singular	tēn /tēn/ your
3rd singular masc	wà /wɑː̀/ his
3rd singular fem	pò /pò/ her
1st plural	yuō̯ /juō̯/ our
2nd plural	waù̯d /wɑù̯d/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	pūk /pūk/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	yū /jū/ their (fem)

Verbs

Present	No affix màosh /mɑ̀ˈosh/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix stɹ- Else: Prefix stɹɑː̄- strhāmàosh /stɹɑːmɑ̀ˈosh/ learned
Remote past	Prefix boː̀- boː̀màosh /boːmɑ̀ˈosh/ learned (long ago)

Aggir uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ʧūb - chūb màosh /ʧūb mɑ̀ˈosh/ will learn

Progressive aspect
The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Aggir uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: sū - sū màosh /sū mɑ̀ˈosh/ is learning

Habitual aspect
The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Aggir uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: kībd - kībed màosh /kībd mɑ̀ˈosh/ learns

Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Aggir uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix uː̄- ūmàosh /uːmɑ̀ˈosh/ have learned

Numbers

Aggir has a base-10 number system:
1 - nīk
2 - yoū̯v
3 - tō
4 - jōk
5 - ìn
6 - fì
7 - īnːū
8 - peè
9 - tē
10 - nīf
11 - nīf shrhuī̯ngvk nīk “ten and one”
100 - yùns “hundred”
101 - yùns shrhuī̯ngvk nīk “hundred and one”
200 - yoū̯v yùns
1000 - meè “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -li
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix he-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix et-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix sn- Else: Prefix snɑù̯-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix boː̄-
Noun to verb = Suffix -ag
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix spɹ- Else: Prefix spɹeū̯-
Tending to = Prefix koː̀-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix kɑ̄-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix tiː̄-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -rurh
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix piː̀-
Diminutive = Prefix ì-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix tiː̀-

Dictionary

4459 Words.