Gathering & Refining
The gathering and refining of resources in Beyond Ragnarok is the act of taking things from the natural environment and making them into useable products.
For example
Player A is a Weaponsmith who gathers Metal, Wood, Animal and Quartz Crystal from the natural environment. They give the Quartz to a Runesmith to make Runes for them in order to make a weapon of Stun, and refines the metal up to into Steel, the animal into Leather and the stick into Treated wood, to make their sword of Stun.
The mechanics of both gathering, and the refining of what has been gathered, is detailed in the links below.