Republic Common

Natively known as: ngetu /ˈᵑgetu/

Phonology

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
we kla go skí kla chutna we puchí kla myatsí nugmu kyí upe
Pronunciation: /we kla go skɨ kla ˈʧutna we ˈpuʧɨ kla ˈmjaʦɨ ˈnugmu kjɨ ˈupe/
Ngetuian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind[/alt]

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p s t w ɲ ʃ ʔ ʦ ʧ ᵐb ᵑg ⁿd

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b ᵐb		t d ⁿd			k g ᵑg	ʔ
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f	s	ʃ			h
Approximant					j
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u ə ɨ

	Front	Central	Back
High	i	ɨ	u
High-mid	e		o
Mid		ə
Low	a

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable
Word initial consonants: b bl d dn f fj fk g gj gl h hj j k kj kl kn m md mj n nd p pl sd sj sk t w ɲ ʃm ʃn ʔ ʦ ʦh ʧ ʧh ʧl ᵐb ᵑg ⁿd
Mid-word consonants: b bd bl bn bs bt bw d dg dl ds dt f fd fh fj fn fw g gb gd gg gj gk gm gn gs gt gʃ h hb hd hj hk j jd jj jk jm jn jʃ jʔ k kb kd kf kj km kn kw kʃ kʧ l ld lf ln lp lʔ m md mg mj mk mn ms mʃ mʔ mʧ n nd nf ng nh nj nm nn ns nɲ nʃ nʔ p pf pk pl pp ps pt s sj sl ss st sɲ sʔ sʧ t tb tf tg th tl tn ts tɲ tʧ w wd wl wm ws wt ww ɲ ɲb ɲj ɲt ɲɲ ʃ ʃj ʃl ʃp ʃs ʃt ʃɲ ʃʧ ʔ ʦ ʦl ʦs ʧ ʧk ʧɲ ᵐb ᵑg ⁿd
Word final consonants:
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ⁿd	nd
ᵑg	ng
ᵐb	mb
ʔ	ʻ
ə	á
ɨ	í
j	y
ɲ	ny
ʃ	sh
ʦ	ts
ʧ	ch

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	No affix ehi /ˈehi/ man	Prefix ʦɨ- tsíehi /ʦɨˈehi/ men
Feminine	No affix nde /nde/ woman	Prefix pa- pande /ˈpande/ women
Neuter	No affix plunsha /ˈplunʃa/ dog	Prefix ʧə- cháplunsha /ʧəˈplunʃa/ dogs

Articles

Ngetuian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

1st singular	i /i/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	de /de/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	kla /kla/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	mdo /mdo/ she, her, hers
3rd singular neut	ne /ne/ it, its
1st plural	ki /ki/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	á /ə/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	yu /ju/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	ma /ma/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)
3rd plural neut	u /u/ they (neut), them (neut), theirs (neut)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	i /i/ my
2nd singular	de /de/ your
3rd singular masc	kla /kla/ his
3rd singular fem	mdo /mdo/ her
3rd singular neut	ne /ne/ its
1st plural	ki /ki/ our
2nd plural	á /ə/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	yu /ju/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	ma /ma/ their (fem)
3rd plural neut	u /u/ their (neut)

Verbs

	Present	Past	Future
Masculine	No affix baá /ˈbaə/	Prefix ʃmi- shmibaá /ʃmiˈbaə/	Prefix pɨ- píbaá /pɨˈbaə/
Feminine	No affix baá /ˈbaə/	Prefix kjɨ- kyíbaá /kjɨˈbaə/	Prefix no- nobaá /noˈbaə/
Neuter	No affix baá /ˈbaə/	Prefix blə- blábaá /bləˈbaə/	Prefix kjo- kyobaá /kjoˈbaə/

Morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix nu-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix knə-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix mi-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix tɨ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix kna-
Noun to verb = Prefix gɨ-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix hjo-
Tending to = Prefix jɨ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix ka-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix ᵐbɨ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ʃmo-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix tɨ-
Diminutive = Prefix pi-
Augmentative = Prefix po-

Dictionary

288 Words.

Numbers

Ngetuian has a base-10 number system:

• 1 - syu
• 2 - ku
• 3 - plu
• 4 - ndo
• 5 - ski
• 6 - glu
• 7 - a
• 8 - chhí
• 9 - i
• 10 - glandu
• 11 - glandusyu “ten-one”
• 100 - dnu “hundred”
• 101 - dnu syu “hundred one”
• 200 - ku dnu
• 1000 - yushsí “thousand”

Successor Languages

• Lowers Patois