Arkh language

Sound Changes

1. Loss of word-final long vowels.
2. Word-final /r/ is lost.
3. Voiceless stops /p/, /t/, /k/ become voiced /b/, /d/, /g/ between vowels.
4. Voiced stops /b/, /d/, /g/ lenite to /β/, /ð/, /ɣ/ in coda position.
5. Vowels /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/ become /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /æ/, /ɔ/ in unstressed syllables.
6. Voiced fricatives /β/, /v/, /ð/, /z/, /ɣ/ become /b/, /v/, /d/, /z/, /g/ in word-initial position.
7. Geminate (double) consonants are simplified to single consonants.
8. Nasals /m/, /n/ are lost before stops and fricatives.
9. Voiceless stops /p/, /t/, /k/ are aspirated in word-initial position.
10. /k/ and /g/ palatalize to /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ before front vowels.
11. /r/ and /l/ vocalize to /ɔ/ and /e/ in syllable coda position.
12. /h/ is lost in all positions.
13. Vowel /a/ is raised to /ɛ/ in all positions.
14. /k/ in any position becomes /x/.
15. Word-final /a/ and /e/ are lost.

Root Languages

• Proto-Alfnehr language

Spoken by

• Arkh people