SPECIES AND LANGUAGES All characters know how to speak Common. A dwarf, elf, gnome, half-elf, half-orc, or halfling also speaks a racial language, as appropriate. A character who has an Intelligence bonus at 1st level speaks other languages as well, one extra language per point of Intelligence bonus as a starting character. Literacy: Any character except a barbarian can read and write all the languages he or she speaks. Spark-Related Languages: Characters with one of the sparks can choose certain languages as bonus languages even if they’re not on the lists found in the species descriptions. These spark-related languages are as follows: Divine: Abyssal, Celestial, Infernal. Nature: Sylvan. Arcane: Draconic. SMALL CHARACTERS A Small character gets a +1 size bonus to Armor Class, a +1 size bonus on attack rolls, and a +4 size bonus on Hide checks. A Small character’s carrying capacity is three-quarters of that of a Medium character. A Small character generally moves about two-thirds as fast as a Medium character. A Small character must use smaller weapons than a Medium character. SUB-SPECIES Sub-species abilities and features work in conjunction with the parent species abilities and features. The exceptions are noted in a few places.