Terran
Natively known as: ʻīda /ˈʕiːda/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...’īfl yī shada kāh yī yūz’ ’īfl qūk yī ghūq rāli a ’ill
Pronunciation: /ʔiːfl jiː ʃaˈda kaːh jiː ʤuːzʔ ʔiːfl quːk jiː ɣuːq raːˈli a ʔill/
ʻīdan word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: /b d dˤ f h j k l m n q r s sˤ t tˤ w x z ð ðˤ ħ ɣ ʃ ʔ ʕ ʤ θ/↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ||||||||
Stop | b | t tˤ d dˤ | k | q | ʔ | |||||
Affricate | ʤ | |||||||||
Fricative | f | θ ð ðˤ | s sˤ z | ʃ | x ɣ | ħ ʕ | h | |||
Approximant | j | |||||||||
Trill | r | |||||||||
Lateral approximant | l |
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
---|---|
Approximant | w |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i iː | u uː |
Low | a aː |
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, d, dˤ, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, q, r, s, sˤ, t, tˤ, w, x, z, ð, ħ, ɣ, ʃ, ʔ, ʕ, ʤ, θ
Mid-word consonants: b, bb, d, dd, dˤ, f, h, j, jj, k, kr, l, ll, lʔ, m, mm, n, nd, nt, ntˤ, nð, q, qq, r, rb, rr, s, sˤ, t, tl, tʤ, tˤ, tˤtˤ, w, ww, x, ð, ðˤ, ħ, ɣ, ʃ, ʔ, ʕ, ʕl, ʕt, ʕtˤ, ʤ, θ
Word final consonants: N/A Phonological changes (in order of application):
- a → Ø / _u
- ʔ → h / _C
- θ → s / _O
- t → ʦ / _i
- d → rs / V_V
- a → u / _Cu
- i → a / _t
- m → w / _B
- t → s / _#
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
aː | ā |
dˤ | ḑ |
iː | ī |
j | y |
sˤ | ş |
tˤ | ţ |
uː | ū |
x | kh |
ð | dh |
ħ | ḩ |
ɣ | gh |
ʃ | sh |
ʔ | ’ |
ʕ | ʻ |
ʤ | j |
θ | th |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions
Nouns
Nouns have both a plural affix and dual affix for precisely two things.Singular | No affix hus /hus/ doɡ |
Plural | If starts with vowel: Prefix ð- Else: Prefix ði- dhihus /ˈðihus/ doɡs |
Dual | If starts with vowel: Prefix r- Else: Prefix ri- rihus /ˈrihus/ |
Articles
Definite | Indefinite | |
---|---|---|
Singular | ’īʻ /ʔiːʕ/ the | lūr /luːr/ a |
Plural | ’ur /ʔur/ the | ʻu /ʕu/ some |
Pronouns
1st singular | khayy /xajj/ I, me, mine |
2nd singular | dā /daː/ you, yours |
3rd singular masc | yī /jiː/ he, him, his, it, its |
3rd singular fem | dhin /ðin/ she, her, hers, it, its |
1st plural inclusive | ’ull /ʔull/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | fa /fa/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you) |
2nd plural | a /a/ you all, yours (pl) |
3rd plural | ’im /ʔim/ they, them, theirs |
Possessive determiners
1st singular | khayy /xajj/ my |
2nd singular | dā /daː/ your |
3rd singular masc | yī /jiː/ his |
3rd singular fem | dhin /ðin/ her |
1st plural inclusive | ’ull /ʔull/ our (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | fa /fa/ our (excluding you) |
2nd plural | a /a/ your (pl) |
3rd plural | ’im /ʔim/ their |
Verbs
Present | No affix ʻusī /ˈʕusiː/ learn |
Past | If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix la- laʻusī /laˈʕusiː/ learned |
Remote past | Prefix ɣuː- ghūʻusī /ɣuːˈʕusiː/ learned (lonɡ aɡo) |
Future | If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ka- kaʻusī /kaˈʕusiː/ will learn |
Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day). ʻīdan uses an affix for imperfective:Imperfective | If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix naː- nāʻusī /naːʕuˈsiː/ learns/is learninɡ |
Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present. ʻīdan uses an affix for the perfect aspect:Perfect | Prefix si- siʻusī /siˈʕusiː/ have learned |
Numbers
ʻīdan has a base-10 number system: 1 - al2 - şirḑ
3 - fā
4 - mā
5 - dā
6 - ʻu
7 - ufi
8 - hihaḩ
9 - ill
10 - māwi
11 - māwial “ten-one”
100 - al riyy “one hundred”
101 - al riyy ’īfl al “one hundred and one”
200 - şirḑ riyy
1000 - al anān “one thousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʕ-Else: Prefix ʕu-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix na-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix tˤiː-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix saː-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix kaː-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix a-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix si-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Prefix aː-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix tuː-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix iː-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ʕu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix naː-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix kaː-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʕ-
Else: Prefix ʕu-
Dictionary
Root Languages
Common Female Names
- Ḩāquw /ħaːˈquw/
- Khabbiz’ /xabˈbizʔ/
- Uḑī /uˈdˤiː/
- ’Uʻtub /ʔuʕˈtub/
- Qīdūwā /qiːˈduːwaː/
- Başi /ˈbasˤi/
- Shayyīu /ʃaˈjjiːu/
- Ālūli /aːˈluːli/
- Iyyār /ˈijjaːr/
- Yītlim /ˈjiːtlim/
Common Male Names
- Māu /maːˈu/
- Şinta /ˈsˤinta/
- Şiḩāw /ˈsˤiħaːw/
- Wīmaf /ˈwiːmaf/
- Rālī /ˈraːliː/
- Qūqi /ˈquːqi/
- Ḑūrbu /ˈdˤuːrbu/
- Yīḑi /ˈjiːdˤi/
- Dhuʻlūbbīţ /ðuˈʕluːbbiːtˤ/
- Yūʻlīd /ʤuːˈʕliːd/
Common Unisex Names
- Khatya /xatˈʤa/
- Zāndhūkāḩ /zaːnðuːˈkaːħ/
- Ḩāyur /ħaːˈʤur/
- Sāʻtal /saːʕˈtal/
- Uyiq /ˈujiq/
- Bara /baˈra/
- Shaʻţat /ʃaʕˈtˤat/
- Khadi /xaˈdi/
- Wīdā /ˈwiːdaː/
- ʻUbifl /ˈʕubifl/
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