Terran

Natively known as: ʻīda /ˈʕiːda/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
’īfl yī shada kāh yī yūz’ ’īfl qūk yī ghūq rāli a ’ill
Pronunciation: /ʔiːfl jiː ʃaˈda kaːh jiː ʤuːzʔ ʔiːfl quːk jiː ɣuːq raːˈli a ʔill/
ʻīdan word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d dˤ f h j k l m n q r s sˤ t tˤ w x z ð ðˤ ħ ɣ ʃ ʔ ʕ ʤ θ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal	m			n
Stop	b			t tˤ d dˤ			k	q		ʔ
Affricate					ʤ
Fricative		f	θ ð ðˤ	s sˤ z	ʃ		x ɣ		ħ ʕ	h
Approximant						j
Trill				r
Lateral approximant				l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /a aː i iː u uː/

	Front	Back
High	i iː	u uː
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, d, dˤ, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, q, r, s, sˤ, t, tˤ, w, x, z, ð, ħ, ɣ, ʃ, ʔ, ʕ, ʤ, θ
Mid-word consonants: b, bb, d, dd, dˤ, f, h, j, jj, k, kr, l, ll, lʔ, m, mm, n, nd, nt, ntˤ, nð, q, qq, r, rb, rr, s, sˤ, t, tl, tʤ, tˤ, tˤtˤ, w, ww, x, ð, ðˤ, ħ, ɣ, ʃ, ʔ, ʕ, ʕl, ʕt, ʕtˤ, ʤ, θ
Word final consonants: N/A
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• a → Ø / _u
• ʔ → h / _C
• θ → s / _O
• t → ʦ / _i
• d → rs / V_V
• a → u / _Cu
• i → a / _t
• m → w / _B
• t → s / _#

How to read phonological rules
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
aː	ā
dˤ	ḑ
iː	ī
j	y
sˤ	ş
tˤ	ţ
uː	ū
x	kh
ð	dh
ħ	ḩ
ɣ	gh
ʃ	sh
ʔ	’
ʕ	ʻ
ʤ	j
θ	th

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Nouns have both a plural affix and dual affix for precisely two things.

Singular	No affix hus /hus/ doɡ
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix ð- Else: Prefix ði- dhihus /ˈðihus/ doɡs
Dual	If starts with vowel: Prefix r- Else: Prefix ri- rihus /ˈrihus/

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	’īʻ /ʔiːʕ/ the	lūr /luːr/ a
Plural	’ur /ʔur/ the	ʻu /ʕu/ some

Pronouns

1st singular	khayy /xajj/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	dā /daː/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	yī /jiː/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	dhin /ðin/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural inclusive	’ull /ʔull/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	fa /fa/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	a /a/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	’im /ʔim/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	khayy /xajj/ my
2nd singular	dā /daː/ your
3rd singular masc	yī /jiː/ his
3rd singular fem	dhin /ðin/ her
1st plural inclusive	’ull /ʔull/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	fa /fa/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	a /a/ your (pl)
3rd plural	’im /ʔim/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix ʻusī /ˈʕusiː/ learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix la- laʻusī /laˈʕusiː/ learned
Remote past	Prefix ɣuː- ghūʻusī /ɣuːˈʕusiː/ learned (lonɡ aɡo)
Future	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ka- kaʻusī /kaˈʕusiː/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
ʻīdan uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix naː- nāʻusī /naːʕuˈsiː/ learns/is learninɡ

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
ʻīdan uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix si- siʻusī /siˈʕusiː/ have learned

Numbers

ʻīdan has a base-10 number system:
1 - al
2 - şirḑ
3 - fā
4 - mā
5 - dā
6 - ʻu
7 - ufi
8 - hihaḩ
9 - ill
10 - māwi
11 - māwial “ten-one”
100 - al riyy “one hundred”
101 - al riyy ’īfl al “one hundred and one”
200 - şirḑ riyy
1000 - al anān “one thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʕ-
Else: Prefix ʕu-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix na-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix tˤiː-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix saː-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix kaː-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix a-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix si-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Prefix aː-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix tuː-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix iː-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ʕu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix naː-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix kaː-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ʕ-
Else: Prefix ʕu-

Dictionary

4373 Words.

Root Languages

• Primordial

Common Female Names

• Ḩāquw /ħaːˈquw/
• Khabbiz’ /xabˈbizʔ/ 
• Uḑī /uˈdˤiː/
• ’Uʻtub /ʔuʕˈtub/
• Qīdūwā /qiːˈduːwaː/
• Başi /ˈbasˤi/ 
• Shayyīu /ʃaˈjjiːu/ 
• Ālūli /aːˈluːli/
• Iyyār /ˈijjaːr/ 
• Yītlim /ˈjiːtlim/

Common Male Names

• Māu /maːˈu/ 
• Şinta /ˈsˤinta/
• Şiḩāw /ˈsˤiħaːw/ 
• Wīmaf /ˈwiːmaf/ 
• Rālī /ˈraːliː/ 
• Qūqi /ˈquːqi/ 
• Ḑūrbu /ˈdˤuːrbu/ 
• Yīḑi /ˈjiːdˤi/ 
• Dhuʻlūbbīţ /ðuˈʕluːbbiːtˤ/ 
• Yūʻlīd /ʤuːˈʕliːd/

Common Unisex Names

• Khatya /xatˈʤa/ 
• Zāndhūkāḩ /zaːnðuːˈkaːħ/ 
• Ḩāyur /ħaːˈʤur/ 
• Sāʻtal /saːʕˈtal/ 
• Uyiq /ˈujiq/ 
• Bara /baˈra/ 
• Shaʻţat /ʃaʕˈtˤat/ 
• Khadi /xaˈdi/
• Wīdā /ˈwiːdaː/
• ʻUbifl /ˈʕubifl/