Arcane Thrones

The nine Arcane Thrones, sometimes referred to as the "Thrones of the Paragons", are geomantic artifacts created by the Paragons of the Azoth. Their precise function is unclear, though it is speculated that they were used in the Shattering of the Azoth. Eight of the nine Thrones are understood to have been connected to the eight Elemental Apices, with the ninth corresponding to the Pivot.
According to Qi'eka'a, the creation of the Thrones removed certain powers from the Primordials, including the ability to open and seal the Great Gates. Whilst the full capabilities of the Thrones are unclear, they are theorised to be significant; the Basilisk Queens are said to have had access to three of the Thrones - those of Flames, Stars, and Winds - and to have used them to great effect, shattering the Eusocial Bond of the goblinoids and reforging it into the Web of Geasa that they used to ensure the loyalty of their military forces. To what other ends the power of the Thrones may have been put is unknown.
It has been claimed by certain agents of the Hag Queen that only certain individuals are capable of attuning to the Thrones. The hags identified Motion Ashbrook-Sarren as being capable of this, due to her connection to the Fountain of Night; it is unclear if all Shadow Sorcerors share this ability, or if there are others who can likewise use the power of the Thrones.

The Thrones

The Throne of Heavens

The Throne of Heavens, tied to the elemental apex of Fate, was held controlled by the Hag Queen, and was said to have been located in Shas'Latha. Its capabilities and current state are unknown.

The Throne of Earth

The Throne of Earth, tied to that same element, was controlled by the Dancer, Yandra din Ma'az. It was located in Caer Daru; its capabilities and current state are unknown.

The Throne of Oceans

The Throne of Oceans, drawing power from the elemental apex of Water, was controlled by the Kraken Queen, Ceneric ap Rutcoddr. It was located in Llyrgwael prior to the city's destruction; its capabilities and current state are unknown.

The Throne of Stars

The Throne of Stars, tied to the element of Space, was controlled by Athani ur Eku, the Liar. It is believed to have been located in the vanished city of Eku at one point in time, though it later came under the control of the Basilisk Queens. It has been suggested that this Throne may now be located in the Vaali capital of Achyras.
The capabilities of the Throne of the Stars are unknown, though it is referred to in the Prophecy of Chesk:

“When Tchokayahattak from timeless sleep returns to the world, then by the Throne of the Stars may that which was Shattered be Made Whole; yet should fall either the Wasp, or the Badger, or the Eel, then shall Night’s Kingdom be victorious over them all”

The Throne of Aeons

The Throne of Aeons, tied to the elemental apex of Time, was controlled by the Lord of the Tower, Orobouranithos. It was originally located in Shas'Ellith, but was later relocated to Eisenvala. Its capabilities are unknown.

The Throne of the Dreaming Depths

The Throne of the Dreaming Depths, tied to the element of Will, was controlled by the Artificer. It was at one time located in Pardatheum, and is now thought to be located somewhere in the Hegemony of Parath. Its capabilities are unknown.

The Throne of the Winds

The Throne of the Winds, tied to the element of Air, was controlled by the Magus. It was originally located in Tchokayahattak, but was brought to the site of the settlement that would later become Ysberinge after the desolation of Tchokayahattak. It has been theorised that the Magus had intended to move the Throne elsewhere following this, but had been unable to do so before they were defeated.
The Throne of the Winds was one of the three Thrones claimed by the Basilisk Queens; it was used to shatter the Eusocial Bond of the goblinoids and reforge it into the Web of Geasa. It is unknown what other powers the Throne might have.
It is thought that the Throne of the Winds may have in some sense become the throne of Aldernord.

The Throne of Flames

The Throne of Flames, drawing from the elemental apex of Fire, was controlled by Lubor an Kaliset, the Hunter. It was once located in Kaliset, though was subsequently moved. It was one of the three thrones claimed by the Basilisk Queens; following the fall of the Empire of Kataris its fate is unknown. Its capabilities are likewise unclear.

The Throne of Darkness

The Throne of Darkness corresponded not the any of the Elemental Apices, but rather to the Pivot. It was controlled by Rram sh'Az va'Ux, the Merciful One. It is thought to have been located in Pardatheum; its current status, and its capabilities, are unknown.