Kielan

Natively known as: uanta /ˈwanta/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
giu scanze qua be ri fustrase giu vasso ri scerto bome ne selu
Pronunciation: /ʤu ˈʃanʦe kwa be ri fusˈtraze ʤu ˈvassɔ ri ˈʃerto ˈbɔme ne ˈselu/
Kielan word order: and stood he holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g j k l m n p r s t v w z ɲ ʃ ʎ ʣ ʤ ʦ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		d t			k g
Affricate			ʦ ʣ	ʤ ʧ
Fricative		v f	s z	ʃ
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l		ʎ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u ɔ ɛ

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
kw	qu
w	u
z	s
ʃ	sc
tʦ	zz
ʦ	z
k	c / !_{i,e,ɛ}
ʧ	ci / !_{i,e,ɛ}
ʧ	c
ʤ	gi / !_{i,e,ɛ}
ʤ	g
k	ch
ʎʎ	gli
ɲ	gn
ɛ	e
ɔ	o
j	i

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Grammar

Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).

Ergative	Prefix ʦe- zestindo /ʦesˈtindɔ/ dog (doing a transitive verb)
Absolutive	No affix stindo /ˈstindɔ/ dog (doing an intransitive verb)

	Singular	Plural
Definite	No affix stindo /ˈstindɔ/ the dog	Prefix kjɛ- ciestindo /kjɛsˈtindɔ/ the dogs
Indefinite	Prefix ʤo- giostindo /ʤosˈtindɔ/ a dog	Prefix ko- costindo /kosˈtindɔ/ some dogs

Articles

Kielan encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive
1st singular	te /te/ I	que /kwe/ me
2nd singular	se /se/ you	quo /kwo/ you
3rd singular masc	qua /kwa/ he, it (masc)	vi /vi/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	fo /fo/ she, it (fem)	no /nɔ/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	li /li/ we	go /go/ us
2nd plural	fro /frɔ/ you all	spe /spe/ you all
3rd plural	ne /ne/ they	fi /fi/ them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	spe /spe/ my
2nd singular	ru /ru/ your
3rd singular masc	ri /ri/ his
3rd singular fem	la /la/ her
1st plural	io /jɔ/ our
2nd plural	bo /bɔ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	vo /vo/ their

Verbs

	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Present	Prefix tɛ- tenaru /tɛˈnaru/ (I/we) learn	Prefix kwi- quinaru /kwiˈnaru/ (you/you all) learn	Prefix ka- canaru /kaˈnaru/ (he/she/it/they) learn(s)
Past	Prefix su- sunaru /suˈnaru/ (I/we) learned	Prefix nwo- nuonaru /nwoˈnaru/ (you/you all) learned	Prefix le- lenaru /leˈnaru/ (he/she/it/they) learned
Remote past	Prefix spu- spunaru /spuˈnaru/ (I/we) learned (long ago)	Prefix krɔ- cronaru /krɔˈnaru/ (you/you all) learned (long ago)	Prefix du- dunaru /duˈnaru/ (he/she/it/they) learned (long ago)
Future	Prefix pu- punaru /puˈnaru/ (I/we) will learn	Prefix pre- prenaru /preˈnaru/ (you/you all) will learn	Prefix fu- funaru /fuˈnaru/ (he/she/it/they) will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Kielan uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix pɛ- penaru /pɛˈnaru/ have learned

Numbers

Kielan has a base-10 number system:
1 - ze
2 - cra
3 - so
4 - to
5 - ro
6 - ri
7 - lo
8 - tre
9 - vo
10 - squi
100 - scotro
1000 - cio

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ne-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix du-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix lɔ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix tro-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix stra-
Noun to verb = Prefix fwe-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix pɔ-
Tending to = Prefix nwi-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix ka-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix spa-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix mɛ-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix ski-
Diminutive = Prefix ba-
Augmentative = Prefix nɔ-

Dictionary

3023 Words.