Molian

Natively known as: olvom /ˈɔlvɔ̃/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
gli brastar norme miuar man dif gli eupar man ucron frap grerde mdini
Pronunciation: /gli bʁastar nɔʁm mjyar mɑ̃ dif gli œpar mɑ̃ ˈukʁɔ̃ fʁap gʁɛʁd mdini/
Molian word order: and stood he holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g j k l m n p s t v w z ɥ ɲ ʁ ʃ ʒ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		t d			k g
Fricative		f v	s z	ʃ ʒ			ʁ
Approximant					j
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-palatal	Labial-velar
Approximant	ɥ	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y ø œ ɑ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ ɛ ɛ̃

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e ø	o
Low-mid	ɛ ɛ̃ œ	ɔ ɔ̃
Low	a	ɑ̃

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
e	e*4 | er / _#
ksj	cti
ks	xe / _#
ks	x
k	que / _#
kt	ct
sk	squ
k	c / !_{i,e,ɛ}
k	qu
d	de / _#
t#	te
wi	oui
wɛ̃	oin
jɛ̃	ien
ɛ̃	in
wɑ{a,ɑ}	oi
ʒ	g / _{i,e,ɛ}
ʒm	gem
ɥ	u
y	u
j	i
ʒ	ge / _#
ʒ	j
ʃ	che / _#
ɲ	gn
∅	e / CC_#
v	ve / _#
ʃ	ch
ʁ	r | rd | rt / _#
ʁ	r
ɔ̃	on | om / _#
ɔ̃	on
ɔ	o
ɑ̃	an
ɛ	e
ø	eu
œ	eu
w	u

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Grammar

Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have three cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.

Nominative	No affix neque /ˈnɛke/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If starts with vowel: Prefix ik- Else: Prefix ikɑ̃- icanneque /ˈikɑ̃ˌnɛke/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Prefix stʁe- strenequer /ˈstʁenɛke/ dogʼs

Singular	No affix nequer /ˈnɛke/ dog
Plural	Prefix na- naneque /ˈnanɛke/ dogs

Articles

Definite	su /sy/ the
Indefinite	vien /vjɛ̃/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive
1st singular	bleu /blœ/ I	liaque /ljak/ me	sue /swe/ mine
2nd singular	lue /lɥe/ you	uirse /ɥiʁs/ you	vio /vjo/ yours
3rd singular masc	norme /nɔʁm/ he, it (masc)	man /mɑ̃/ his, it (masc)	ni /ni/ his, its (masc)
3rd singular fem	puan /pɥɑ̃/ she, it (fem)	liz /liz/ her, it (fem)	vue /vwɛ/ hers, its (fem)
1st plural	cha /ʃa/ we	san /sɑ̃/ us	ma /ma/ ours
2nd plural	bieuque /bjøk/ you all	i /i/ you all	brodre /bʁɔdʁ/ yours (pl)
3rd plural	da /da/ they	chinpte /ʃɛ̃pt/ them	breu /bʁœ/ theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	sue /swe/ my
2nd singular	vio /vjo/ your
3rd singular masc	man /mɑ̃/ his
3rd singular fem	vue /vwɛ/ her
1st plural	ma /ma/ our
2nd plural	brodre /bʁɔdʁ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	breu /bʁœ/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix uaiar /ˈwajar/ learn
Past	Prefix le- leuaiar /ˈlewajar/ learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix gl- Else: Prefix gli- gliuaiar /ˈgliwajar/ learned (long ago)
Future	If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix ti- tiuaiar /ˈtiwajar/ will learn

Numbers

Molian has a base-10 number system:
1 - pie
2 - lan
3 - a
4 - fouirde
5 - que
6 - cha
7 - euxe
8 - viub
9 - se
10 - bouigip
100 - iz
1000 - fa

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix mɔ-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix epʁ-
Else: Prefix epʁɔ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ɛ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix fw-
Else: Prefix fwo-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix udm-
Else: Prefix udmɑ̃-
Noun to verb = Prefix o-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix vj-
Else: Prefix vje-
Tending to = If starts with vowel: Prefix vw-
Else: Prefix vwa-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix mi-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix ɛ-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix t-
Else: Prefix ta-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix ɛ̃-
Diminutive = Prefix y-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix nɛ-

Dictionary

3049 Words.